Vanguard Developed ex-North America Dividend Appreciation Index ETF seeks to track, to the extent reasonably possible and before fees and expenses, the performance of a broad international equity index that measures the investment return of common stocks of companies that have a history of increasing dividends over time, with a focus on companies located in developed markets, excluding Canada and the U.S. Currently, Vanguard Developed ex-North America Dividend Appreciation Index ETF seeks to track the S&P Developed ex-North America Dividend Growers Index (or any successor thereto). It invests directly or indirectly primarily in common stocks of international companies.